This is an introductory book for everyone about how to explore the subject of minerals and gemstones. The mysteries of identification are revealed and simple tests outlined. School teachers will find here much useful science resource material on the chemistry and physics involved to enthuse their students with thoughts of future career options. The materials science departments of major corporations produce a multitude of gemstones as spin-offs from crystal growing research, including rubies, emeralds and alexandrites. The earth sciences need more technologists and engineers and the jewellery trade needs more people knowledgeable about gemstones. This book is designed to awake an interest in minerals and gems that can be put to good use either as a career option or new hobby.